Lathyrane diterpenes from Euphorbia prolifera and their inhibitory activities on LPS-induced NO production

A new lathyrane diterpene (1), an unreported spectroscopic data lathyrane diterpenene (2), and two known analaogues (3 and 4) have been isolated from Euphorbia prolifera. Their structures were elucidated as (12E,2S,3S,4R,5R,6S,9S,11S,15R)-3-butyryloxy-5,15-diacetoxy-6,17-epoxylathyra- 12-en-14-one (1), (12E,2S,3S,4R,5R,6S,9S,11S,15R)-3-propionyloxy-5,15-diacetoxy-6,17- epoxylathyra-12-en-14-one (2), (12E,2S,3S,4R,5R,6S,9S,11S,15R)-3-benzoyloxy-5,15-diacetoxy -6,17-epoxylathyra-12-en-14-one (3), and 15-O-acetyl-17-hydroxyjolkinol (4) by spectroscopic methods (IR, ESIMS, HR-ESIMS, NMR, and X-ray crystallography). The inhibitory activities on LPS-induced NO production of these diterpenes were evaluated and compounds 1, 3 and 4 showed inhibitory effects.     

鸡屎藤与鱼鳅串和抗生素联合抑菌试验研究

[目的]考察鸡屎藤、鱼鳅串水提物的体外抗菌活性及其与常用抗生素的联合抑菌效果。[方法]以金黄色葡萄球菌CMCC29178和大肠埃希氏菌ATCC25922标准菌株为检测菌,采用微量肉汤稀释法测定其最小抑制浓度(MIC)和联合抑菌指数(FIC)。[结果]鸡屎藤、鱼鳅串水提物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希氏菌都具有一定的抑菌效果,与常用抗菌药物合用表现出不同程度的协同或相加效应。[结论]水提法可广泛用于对具有抗菌活性的植物药材的初步筛选。     

Bovine respiratory disease: efficacy of different prophylactic treatments in veal calves and antimicrobial resistance of isolated Pasteurellaceae

The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of two prophylactic antibiotic treatments against bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in veal calves. In addition, the antibiotic susceptibilities of isolated Pasteurellaceae were tested. The calves were treated either on the day of arrival by a single administration of tulathromycin (group A, n = 20), by a peroral administration of chlortetracycline, sulphadimidine, and tylosin (group B, n = 20) for seven consecutive days, or were not prophylactically treated (group C, n = 19). On the first day of clinically diagnosed BRD, transtracheal lavage samples were obtained prior to therapeutic treatment and were subsequently cultured. Pasteurellaceae isolates were tested for their susceptibility to 12 antimicrobial agents by the determination of the minimal inhibitory concentrations. During the first 56 d after arrival, different calves in group A and B suffered from one episode of clinically diagnosed BRD while calves of group C experienced two episodes. The average daily weight gain during the same period was significantly lower in group C (0.89 ± 0.04 kg/d) than in the two prophylactically treated groups (1.14 ± 0.05 and 1.15 ± 0.04 kg/d for group A and B, respectively). The improved performance of groups A and B in comparison to group C could be related to a lower incidence of respiratory disorders during the first days after arrival in the prophylactically treated animals. No differences in the clinical efficacy were seen between the two tested prophylactic treatments. The most prevalent bacterial pathogens isolated (n = 79) were Pasteurella multocida (23% of isolated pathogens), Mycoplasma bovis (18%), and Mannheimia varigena (16%). For the isolated Pasteurellaceae, a high resistance pattern was observed to tylosin (83% of the tested P. multocida and 88% of the Mannheimia spp. isolates resistant) and tilmicosin (56% of the tested P. multocida isolates non-sensitive).     

Short-term compatibility of furosemide with crystalloid solutions

Parenteral veterinary furosemide is a 50-mg/mL solution with a pH of 8.0-9.3. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a commonly used veterinary formulation of 50 mg/mL of furosemide solution could be diluted in vitro without precipitation. Furosemide 50 mg/mL was diluted to concentrations of 10 and 5 mg/mL with 5% dextrose in water (D5W), 0.9% saline, lactated Ringer solution (LRS), and sterile water. Acidic sterile water and basic sterile water solutions were made by the addition of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, respectively, for use as controls to assess the effect of pH extremes for each concentration. After furosemide dilution, the final pH of each sample was measured, and samples were grossly and microscopically examined for clarity and crystal formation immediately and 1, 3, 5, and 8 hours after dilution. Gross precipitation and microscopic crystals were immediately observed in the acidic controls. Solutions of 5 mg/mL in LRS and 0.9% saline became slightly cloudy immediately, but no crystals were observed microscopically for 8 hours. Solutions of 10 mg/mL in D5W, 0.9% saline, LRS, and sterile water and solutions of 5 mg/mL in D5W and sterile water and the basic control were grossly clear, and no microscopic crystals were observed for 8 hours. On the basis of the results obtained in this in vitro investigation, this veterinary formulation of furosemide 50 mg/mL can be diluted without precipitation to a concentration of 10 mg/mL with D5W, 0.9% saline, LRS, or sterile water and to 5 mg/mL with D5W or sterile water and held for 8 hours.     

多效唑,缩节胺在秋番茄育苗上的应用

秋番茄育苗,于３片真叶施用５０～１００ｍｇ／Ｌ多效唑液或２５－５０ｍｇ／Ｌ缩节胺液,对防止幼苗徒长,培育壮苗有显著作用;增产效果极显著。     

冬季家庭居室内PM_(10)浓度的影响因素

[目的]为了探讨家庭居室内PM10污染物的来源,对人体的危害及影响因素。[方法]在丹东市的三个区选择了14个家庭,对其厨房、卧室和客厅进行PM10浓度的测试,并对室内的PM10污染物来源进行了分析。[结果]室内空气PM10浓度主要受吸烟、烹饪时的燃料、不同清洁方式、室外颗粒物浓度、室内人员多少和活动频繁程度、通风量7个因素的影响,被测14户家庭中有7户所有的房间均超标。[结论]丹东市家庭室内PM10浓度超标不容乐观,应引起有关部门的重视。     

锰对公鸡乳酸脱氢酶活性和精子密度的影响

本文就日粮锰对公鸡乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性及生殖功能的影响进行了研究。结果表明日粮中锰缺乏或过多引起血清、肝脏和睾丸 LDH 活性同步下降。精子数/睾丸Ⅰ组(添加 Mn 0ppm)、Ⅳ组(添加 Mn 300ppm)比Ⅲ组(添加 Mn100ppm)分别降低了35.06%和31.55%,表明精子生成过程对锰的需要量有一定的范围。睾丸 LDH 活性和精子数/睾丸之间 r=0.6791(P<0.05),提示锰缺乏或过多造成睾丸生精功能下降的重要原因之一是由于锰影响了睾丸 LDH 活性。     

苜蓿提取液抑菌活性研究

[目的]研究苜蓿提取液对4种常见菌绿脓杆菌、停乳链球菌、大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性。[方法]采用二倍稀释法和血平板鉴定相结合的方法测定其最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。[结果]苜蓿提取液对绿脓杆菌和停乳链球菌的MIC分别为0.674和1.347mg/ml;对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC均为2.695 mg/ml。[结论]苜蓿提取液对绿脓杆菌和停乳链球菌有较好的抑菌活性,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果一般。     

南京市花粉浓度变化规律及预报方法研究

在花粉观测和气象观测资料的基础上,分析了南京地区花粉季节变化规律和日变化规律,以及南京地区不同种类花粉的季节分布特点,发现南京地区花粉分布呈单峰型分布,具有很强的周期性和季节性。3月中旬起,花粉数量迅速增多,到4月中旬达到顶峰,此后缓慢下降,但起伏较大。同时,根据同期气象条件分析了气象因子(温度、湿度、降水、风速)对花粉浓度的影响,建立了花粉浓度预报方程:Y=0.703X1+0.005X2+0.005X3+0.452。其中,Y为花粉浓度预报值;X1为前一日花粉实况;X2为气压差;X3为温度差。     

不同pH值和重金属浓度对水花生生根的影响

研究不同pH值和不同重金属浓度对水花生生根情况的影响。试验表明,水花生的适应性很强,在pH值为2~13范围内的溶液中均可生根。总体而言,水花生在碱性溶液中比在酸性溶液中生根情况好,当pH值在8.85左右时生根情况最好,根长为26.2 mm,根数为60根以上。随着重金属离子浓度升高,其对水花生生根的抑制作用加大,但不同重金属离子对水花生的生根影响不同。当溶液中Pb2+浓度在10 mg/L左右时,水花生生长最好,根长达22.3 mm,根数达37根;当溶液中Cr3+浓度在5 mg/L以下时,水花生生长最好,根长为39.0 mm左右,根数为40根以上。